词汇笔记2 词汇表
词汇笔记
英语词性
- 名词(n.):表人/事/物/地点,作主宾表,可加冠词、复数。
e.g. The cat is sleeping on the table. - 动词(v.):表动作/状态,作谓语,随时态、人称变形,可以接宾语。
e.g. She reads a book every night. - 形容词(adj.):修饰名词,放名词前或be动词后。
e.g. It is a beautiful day. / The flower is beautiful. - 副词(adv.):修饰动/形/副/整句,表程度、方式、时间。
e.g. He runs quickly. / She is very kind. - 代词(pron.):代替名词,避免重复,可作主宾。
e.g. She is my friend. I like her. - 介词(prep.):接名词代词,表时间、地点、关系。
e.g. The book is on the desk. / I will go after lunch. - 连词(conj.):连接单词、短语、句子,表逻辑。
e.g. I like tea but she likes coffee. - 数词(num.):表数量、顺序,分基数、序数。
e.g. I have three apples. / He is the first to arrive. - 冠词(art.):限定名词,分a/an泛指、the特指。
e.g. A dog is an animal. / The sun is bright. - 感叹词(interj.):抒发情绪,独立使用。
e.g. Oh! That’s amazing. / Wow! What a view.
注意话题词,同义词。
名词
这里是列举一下最常见的名词,用来从话题发散联想,切记并不是对单词分类。最常见的词也是最长用到的,很多复杂的意思都可以只用简单词汇来表达。
- 人 people, man, woman, boy, girl, person,
- 物品 thing, object, tool, food, drink,
- 衣服: clothes, hat, jeans, dress 连衣裙,
- 动物: animal, cat猫, dog狗, fish鱼,
- 食品: food, meat肉, fish鱼肉,
- 饮料: water水, juice, milk, coffee咖啡, soda汽水, wine, beer啤酒,
- 餐具: dish, fork叉子,
- 学习: book书, magazine杂志, pen, pencil,
- 家具: bed床, table桌子, chair椅子, desk书桌, sofa沙发
- 电器: TV电视, fridge冰箱, computer电脑, fan风扇, phone电话
- 工具: hammer锤子, screwdriver螺丝刀, knife刀, key钥匙, lock锁
- 时间: time时间, date日期, year年, month月, day天, hour 时, minute 分, second 秒
- 地点
- 事情 thing
- 娱乐 music, dance, song,
人
- 身体:
- head 头, hair 头发, face 脸, nose 鼻子, eye 眼睛, ear 耳朵, tooth 牙齿, mouth 嘴, neck 脖子, throat 喉咙, beard 胡须, gum 牙龈, forehead 额头, cheek 脸颊, chin 下巴, lip 嘴唇, tongue 舌头
- body 躯体, chest 胸膛, lap 大腿部, shoulder 肩膀, hand 手, arm 手臂, finger 手指, leg 腿, knee 膝盖, foot 脚, toe 脚趾, tail 尾巴, elbow 肘部, heel 脚后跟, skin 皮肤, palm 手掌, wrist 手腕, ankle 脚踝, waist 腰
- 器官 brain 大脑, heart 心脏, stomach 胃, lung 肺, liver 肝, bone 骨头, muscle 肌肉
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家庭(family ):parent 父母, mother 母亲, father 父亲, mom 母亲, dad 爸爸, son 儿子, daughter 女儿, sister 姐妹, brother 兄弟, husband 丈夫, wife 妻子, uncle 叔叔, aunt 姑姑;阿姨, grandpa 爷爷, grandma 奶奶, grandfather 祖父, grandmother 祖母, grandparents 祖父母, cousin 堂(表)兄弟;堂(表)姐妹, twin 双胞胎之一, nephew 侄子/外甥, niece 侄女/外甥女
- 职业 job: teacher 教师, student 学生, doctor 医生, nurse 护士, driver 司机, worker 工人, police 警察, actor 男演员, actress 女演员, singer 歌唱家, writer 作家, farmer 农民, pupil 小学生, player 演员, accountant 会计, artist 画家, waiter 服务员, engineer 工程师, cleaner 清洁工, policeman (男)警察, baseball player 棒球运动员, TV reporter 电视台记者, assistant 助手;售货员, salesperson 销售员, dentist 牙医, pilot 飞行员, journalist 记者, lawyer 律师, scientist 科学家, coach 教练, librarian 图书管理员, secretary 秘书, firefighter 消防员, chef 厨师, manager 经理, boss 老板, barber 理发师, butcher 屠夫, tailor 裁缝
时间
- 时间 time : year 年, month 月, day 日, hour 时, minute 分 , second 秒, seasons 季, week 周, quarter 刻, century 百年, date 日期, day 天, decade, date日期, century世纪
- 一天 day :, morning 上午, noon 中午, evening 傍晚, night 夜晚, morning早上, afternoon下午, evening 晚上, , , dawn, dusk, today 今天, tomorrow 明天, yesterday 昨天
- 星期 week : Monday 星期一, Tuesday 星期二, Wednesday 星期三, Thursday 星期四, Friday 星期五, Saturday 星期六, Sunday 星期天;星期日, weekend 周末, weekday
- 月份 month : January 一月, February 二月, March 三月, April 四月, May 五月, June 六月, July 七月, August 八月, September 九月, October 十月, November 十一月, December 十二月
- 季节 season : spring 春, autumn 秋, fall 秋, summer 夏, winter 冬
- 节日 festival : , vacation 假期, festival 节日, New Year 新年, Christmas 圣诞节, Thanksgiving Day 感恩节, Halloween 万圣节, Flay Day 国旗日
地点
- 场所地点: zoo 动物园,park 公园,post office 邮局,police office 警察局,hospital 医院,factory 工厂,farm 农场,playground 操场,garden 花园,park 主题,museum 博物馆,canteen 食堂,bus stop 公交车站, building 建筑, shop 商店,theater 剧院,gym 体育馆,school 学校,cinema 电影院,library 图书馆,bookstore 书店,bank 银行,shop 商店,supermarket 超市,house 房子,building 建筑物,hotel 宾馆,company 公司,airport 航空站,camp 营地,church 教堂,college 大学,gallery 陈列馆,lab 实验室,mall 商业街,market 市场,museum 博物馆,restaurant 饭店,theater 剧院,tower 塔楼,castle 城堡,temple 寺庙,palace 宫殿,square 广场,fountain 喷泉
- 居住场所: house 房子,flat 公寓,dormitory 宿舍,yard 院子
- 房间: office 办公室,classroom 教室,washroom 卫生间,restroom 盥洗室,yard 院子
- 地理: mountain 山,hill 小山,river 河流,stream 溪,lake 湖泊,pond 池塘,pool 水塘,sea 海洋,ocean 海洋,beach 海滨,ground 地,land 陆地,island 岛屿,volcano 火山,desert 沙漠,jungle 丛林,earthquake 地震
- 路: way 路,road 公路,street 街道,bridge 桥,path 小道
- 太空: sun 太阳,earth 地球,moon 月亮,star 星星,Mars 火星,planet 行星
- 方位: east 东,west 西,south 南,north 北,southeast 东南方向,on 上,under 下,left 左,right 右,front 前,behind 后,in 内,out 外,up 上,down 下
- 位置: place 地方,position 位置,space 空间,area 地区,center 中心 (centre 的美式拼写),centre 中心点,middle 中部,bottom 底部,corner 角落,route 路线
- 行政区域:
- 洲: Europe 欧洲,Africa 非洲,Asia 亚洲,
- country 国家: America 美国, the US 美国,Japan 日本,England 英国,Korea 韩国,Italy 意大利,Canada 加拿大,France 法国,Australia 澳大利亚,Germany 德国,United Kingdom 联合王国
- city 城市: Peking 北京,Washington, D.C. 华盛顿,Tokyo 东京,London 伦敦,Roman 罗马,Sydney 悉尼,Paris 巴黎,New York 纽约
- 美国的州: California, New York, Texas, Pennsylvania, Washington, D.C.
- 其他: world 世界,village 乡村,hometown 家乡,capital 首都,district 区,town 城镇,province 省份,border 国境,block 街区
- 其他: address 地址
物品
居家
- 住宅 house:apartment 公寓, dormitory 宿舍, cottage 小屋,
- 房屋空间:home 家,room 房间,bedroom 卧室,living room 起居室,kitchen 厨房,bathroom 浴室,dining room 餐厅,study 书房,balcony 阳台,washroom 卫生间,basement 地下室, yard 院子
- 房屋结构:door 门,window 窗户,wall 墙壁,floor 地板,gate 大门,garage 车库,hallway 门厅,elevator 电梯,escalator 自动扶梯,roof 屋顶, ceiling 天花板, stairs 楼梯, , fence 栅栏。
- 家具(furniture): bed 床,sofa 沙发,quilt 被子,pillow 枕头,light 灯,lock 锁,mirror 镜子,key 钥匙,desk 课桌/书桌,chair 椅子,curtain 窗帘,table 桌子,shelf 书架,closet 壁橱,box 盒子,umbrella 伞,photo 照片,bookcase 书柜,picture 图画,present 礼物,board 写字板,doll 洋娃娃,cupboard 橱柜
- 家用电器: television 电视,phone/telephone 电话,icebox/fridge/refrigerator 冰箱,computer 电脑,fan 风扇,radio 收音机,lamp 台灯,air-conditioner 空调,laptop 笔记本电脑,microphone 麦克风,mouse 鼠标,oven 烤箱,printer 打印机,tape 磁带,scale 秤,smartphone 智能手机,flashlight 手电筒,headphone 耳机,keyboard 键盘,camera 照相机,battery 电池,bell 门铃,calculator 计算器
- 生活用品
- 洗漱用品:towel 毛巾,toothbrush 牙刷,comb 梳子, soap 香皂, shampoo 洗发露, perfume 香水, razor 剃须刀。
- 餐厨用品:plate 盘子,glass 玻璃杯,pot 锅, pan 平底锅, knife 刀, fork 叉, spoon 勺子, bowl 碗, chopsticks 筷子, kettle 水壶。jar罐子
- 清洁用品:broom 扫帚, mop 拖把, detergent 清洁剂, soap 肥皂, shampoo 洗发水。
- 工具 tool:hammer锤子、screwdriver螺丝刀、blender搅拌机
- 杂物 object: watch 手表,wallet 钱包,accessory 附件,chalk 粉笔,cigarette 香烟,compass 指南针,costume 服装,drum 鼓,gun 枪,instrument 乐器,pen 钢笔,notebook 笔记本,trash bin 垃圾箱,chart 图表,kite 风筝,violin 小提琴,hole 洞,nest 鸟窝,money 钱,tube 管子,jigsaw puzzle 拼图游戏,equipment 设备,tool 工具,string 细绳,photograph 照片,ticket 票,candle 蜡烛,calendar 日历,bill 账单,album 专辑,net 网,cage 笼子,machine 机器,case 箱子,clock 钟表,clothing 衣服,coin 硬币,diary 日记,document 文件,envelope 信封,zipper 拉链,gift 礼物,toy 玩具,ring 戒指,suitcase 手提箱
动植物
动物
- 动物( animal) :mouse 鼠, horse 马, ox 牛, sheep 羊, tiger 虎, monkey 猴, rabbit 兔, chicken 鸡, dragon 龙, dog 狗, snake 蛇, pig 猪, cat 猫, fish 鱼, duck 鸭, crocodile 鳄鱼, goat 山羊, lion 狮子, sheep 绵羊, deer 鹿, cock 公鸡, elephant 大象, hen 母鸡, zebra 斑马, chicken 小鸡, panda 熊猫, goose 鹅, wolf 狼, cow 奶牛, frog 青蛙, ant 蚂蚁, bird 鸟, fly 苍蝇, dragonfly 蜻蜓, bee 蜜蜂, butterfly 蝴蝶, eagle 鹰, squirrel 松鼠, beaver 海狸, kangaroo 袋鼠, bear 熊, fox 狐狸, lamb 小羊, turkey 火鸡, squid 鱿鱼, giraffe 长颈鹿, shark 鲨鱼, lobster 龙虾, donkey 驴, seal 海豹, whale 鲸, cat猫, dog狗, pig猪, duck鸭, rabbit兔, horse马, elephant大象, ant蚂蚁, fish鱼, snake蛇, mouse老鼠, kangaroo袋鼠, monkey猴, panda熊猫, bear熊, lion狮子, tiger老虎, fox狐狸, deer鹿, hen母鸡, sheep绵羊, goat山羊, cow奶牛, bird 鸟, camel 骆驼, frog青蛙, cock公鸡, dragon龙, owl 猫头鹰, parrot鹦鹉, animal 动物, insect 昆虫, rat 老鼠, spider 蜘蛛, turtle 海龟, monster 怪物, bird 鸟
- 哺乳动物 (Mammal): cat 猫, dog 狗, elephant 大象, horse 马, lion 狮子, rabbit 兔, tiger 虎, monkey 猴, bear 熊, fox 狐狸, deer 鹿, sheep 绵羊, goat 山羊, cow 奶牛, pig 猪, mouse 鼠, ox 牛, kangaroo 袋鼠, panda 熊猫, zebra 斑马, giraffe 长颈鹿, whale 鲸, seal 海豹, beaver 海狸, squirrel 松鼠, donkey 驴, camel 骆驼, wolf 狼, lamb 小羊, mouse, rat, bat 蝙蝠, dolphin 海豚, polar bear 北极熊
- 鸟类 (Bird): bird 鸟, chicken 鸡, duck 鸭, goose 鹅, turkey 火鸡, cock 公鸡, hen 母鸡, eagle 鹰, owl 猫头鹰, parrot 鹦鹉, swan 天鹅, crow 乌鸦, pigeon 鸽子, sparrow 麻雀, penguin 企鹅
- 爬行动物/两栖动物 (Reptile/Amphibian): snake 蛇, crocodile 鳄鱼, frog 青蛙, turtle 海龟, lizard 蜥蜴, dragon 龙
- 水生动物 (Aquatic Animal): fish 鱼, shark 鲨鱼, lobster 龙虾, squid 鱿鱼, whale 鲸, seal 海豹, crab 螃蟹
- 昆虫 (Insect): ant 蚂蚁, bee 蜜蜂, butterfly 蝴蝶, fly 苍蝇, dragonfly 蜻蜓, spider 蜘蛛, worm 蠕虫, snail 蜗牛
- 其他 (Other): monster 怪物
植物
- 植物( plant) : tree 树, grass 草, flower 花, wood 木头, seed 种子, sprout 苗, plant 植物, leaf 叶子, forest 森林, bamboo 竹子, bush 灌木丛, flower 花, grass 草, leaf 叶子, plant 植物, tree 树, root 根, oak 橡树, rose 玫瑰, sunflower 向日葵, pine 松树, willow 柳树, mushroom 蘑菇
食物
- 三餐:breakfast 早餐,supper 晚餐,lunch 午餐,dinner 晚餐,meal 一餐
- food 食品:food 食物,chip 炸薯条,dessert 甜食,ham 火腿,honey 蜂蜜,noodle 面条,pancake 薄煎饼,pie 馅饼,porridge 燕麦粥,toast 烤面包片,barbecue 烤肉,noodles 面条,rice 米饭,bread 面包,cake 蛋糕,biscuit 饼干,cookie 曲奇,hamburger 汉堡包,hot dog 热狗,jam 果酱,salad 沙拉,ice-cream 冰淇淋,tofu 豆腐,French fries 炸薯条,egg 蛋,fish 鱼,vegetable 蔬菜,soup 汤,ice 冰,chocolate 巧克力,sandwich 三明治,cheese 奶酪,sausage 香肠,dumpling 饺子,wheat 小麦
- meat 肉:chicken 鸡肉,beef 牛肉,meat 肉,egg 蛋,pork 猪肉,mutton 羊肉
- vegetable 蔬菜:vegetable 蔬菜,potato 马铃薯,pepper 辣椒,cucumber 黄瓜,onion 洋葱,eggplant 茄子,cabbage 卷心菜,tomato 西红柿,radish 萝卜,bean 豆,carrot 胡萝卜,green beans 青豆,spinach 菠菜,celery 芹菜,broccoli 西兰花,corn 玉米,pea 豌豆,garlic 大蒜,ginger 姜
- fruit 水果:apple 苹果,banana 香蕉,orange 橙子,peach 桃子,pear 梨子,lemon 柠檬,watermelon 西瓜,grape 葡萄,strawberry 草莓,mango 芒果,cherry 樱桃,pineapple 菠萝,coconut 椰子,plum 李子,lychee 荔枝,durian 榴莲
- drink 饮料:milk 牛奶,water 水,cola 可乐,juice 果汁,tea 茶,coffee 咖啡,drink, soup 汤,Coke 可乐,ice 冰,yogurt 酸乳
- 零食:candy 糖果
- 调料:salt 盐,sauce 调味酱,sugar 糖,oil 油,butter 黄油,cream 奶油
- 烹饪工具:microwave 微波炉,oven 烤箱
- 餐具:bowl 碗,chopsticks 筷子,dish 盘子,spoon 勺子,plate 盘子,fork 叉子,knife 刀,pot 锅,cup 杯子,glass 玻璃杯,mug 马克杯,teapot 茶壶,kettle 水壶,ladle 舀勺,platter 大盘子,saucer 茶托,teacup 茶杯,wineglass 酒杯,pitcher 罐,tray 托盘,napkin 餐巾纸,tablecloth 桌布,bottle 瓶子
衣服
- 衣服 clothes:
- 上衣: shirt 衬衫, coat 外套, jacket 夹克衫, T-shirt T恤衫, dress 连衣裙, sweater 毛衣, vest 背心, raincoat 雨衣, pocket 衣袋, blouse 女衬衫, uniform 制服, suit 西装, apron 围裙
- 裤子: trousers 裤子, jeans 牛仔裤, skirt 短裙, pants 短裤
- 鞋子: shoes 鞋子, boots 靴子, slippers 拖鞋, sandals 凉鞋, sneakers 网球鞋
- 帽子: cap 帽子, hat 带沿的帽子, helmet 头盔
- 其他衣物: sock 袜子(socks), scarf 围巾, tie 领带, cloth 布, sunglasses 太阳镜, glove 手套(gloves), glasses 眼镜, belt 腰带, purse 钱包, pajamas 睡衣, necklace 项链, bracelet 手镯, button 纽扣
出行
- 交通工具:car 汽车, bus 公交车, bicycle 自行车, train 火车, plane 飞机, ship 船。bike 自行车, car 小汽车, train 火车, taxi 出租车, plane 飞机, bus 公共汽车, ship 轮船, boat 小船, yacht 快艇, jeep 吉普车, van 面包车, subway 地铁, bike 自行车, bus 公共汽车, train 火车, boat 小船, ship 轮船, car 小汽车, taxi 出租车, jeep 吉普车, plane/airplane 飞机, truck 卡车, airplane 飞机, automobile 汽车, bicycle 自行车, ambulance 救护车, helicopter 直升机, motorbike 摩托车, carriage 马车, ferry 渡轮
- 交通标识: traffic light 交通灯,
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menu 菜单
事情
学习 - 文具:pen钢笔, pencil铅笔, pencil—case铅笔盒, ruler尺子, book书, bag包, newspaper报纸, schoolbag书包, eraser橡皮, dictionary词典, pen 钢笔, schoolbag 书包, pencil 铅笔, dictionary 词典, ruler 尺子, post card 明信片, eraser 橡皮, sharpener 铅笔刀, book 书, notebook 笔记本, paper 纸, comic book 漫画书, bag 包, , , story-book 故事书, crayon 蜡笔, magazine 杂志, , newspaper 报纸, computer 计算机, English book 英语书, teacher’s desk 讲台, pen 钢笔,, ruler 尺子, screwdriver 螺丝刀, , stapler 订书机, blackboard 黑板, , newspaper 报纸, notebook 笔记本
- 课程:, Chinese 汉语, English 英语, math 数学, , mathematics 数学, science 科学, history 历史, geography 地理, physics 物理, chemistry 化学, music 音乐, art 美术, sports 体育活动, biology 生物, project 项目
- 学习:test 测试 ,experiment 实验, survey 调查, essay 短文, research 研究 lesson 课程,article 文章, course 课程, discussion 讨论,, class 班级,, subject 主题,, topic 话题, semester 学期, exam 考试, lesson 课程, score 得分, education 教育
- 语言:language, word, sentence, phrase, grammar, meaning 意义 text 文本sentence 句子,grammar 语法infinitive 动词原形 pronoun 代词 language 语言, vocabulary 词汇,symbol 标志, tense 时态 ,suffix后缀、metaphor隐喻、synonym同义词
娱乐
- 运动(sport):sport 体育, skating 滑冰, running 跑步, swimming 游泳, marathon 马拉松赛跑, stadium 体育场, yoga 瑜伽, cycling 骑行, skiing 滑雪, gym 健身房, athlete 运动员
- 球类运动:football 足球, basketball 篮球, table tennis 乒乓球, baseball 棒球, golf 高尔夫球, rugby 橄榄球, tennis 网球, volleyball 排球, hockey 曲棍球, handball 手球, soccer 足球, badminton 羽毛球
- 娱乐
- 音乐:music,song,jazz,pop 流行乐, rock 摇滚乐, classical 古典乐, hip-hop 嘻哈, symphony 交响乐, band 乐队, concert 音乐会 , jazz 爵士乐, music 音乐, opera 歌剧,
- 电影/电视:movie,film,action 动作片, comedy 喜剧片, drama 剧情片, documentary 纪录片, animation 动画片,series 剧集, news 新闻, reality show 真人秀, documentary 纪录片, cartoon 卡通, video 视频
- 艺术(art):photography 摄影, painting 绘画, sculpture 雕塑
- 阅读:book 书, novel 小说, comic book 漫画, fiction 小说, newspaper 报纸, magazine 杂志, publication 出版物, story 故事, biography 传记, poetry 诗歌, essay 散文, blog 博客, poem 诗歌,, writing 写作
- 旅游:travel 旅行, journey 旅程, trip 旅行, holiday 假期, sightseeing 观光, resort 度假村, souvenir 纪念品,festival 节日,ceremony典礼
- 文化: tradition传统、custom风俗
事情
事情
- 日常事务:matter 事情, affair 事务, thing 事物, task 任务, chore 杂务, routine 例行事务, activity 活动, duty 职责
- 具体事件:event 事件, incident 小事件, occasion 场合, situation 情况, case 案例, episode 一段经历, happening 发生的事, circumstance 环境/情形
- 工作与计划:project 项目, plan 计划, assignment 任务, mission 使命, operation 操作, procedure 程序, schedule 日程, agenda 议程
- 问题与事务:issue 问题, problem 问题, trouble 麻烦, business 事务, concern 关切的事, question 疑问, topic 话题, subject 主题
- 法律与正式事务:contract 合同, agreement 协议, deal 交易, arrangement 安排, transaction 交易, matter 事项, proceeding 诉讼程序, lawsuit 诉讼
- 变化与过程:process 过程, development 进展, change 变化, progress 进步, transition 过渡, phase 阶段, step 步骤, stage 阶段
抽象概念
- 情感与感受:love 爱, happiness 幸福, sadness 悲伤, anger 愤怒, fear 恐惧, joy 喜悦, hope 希望, despair 绝望, gratitude 感激, curiosity 好奇
- 思想与认知:idea 想法, thought 思想, knowledge 知识, wisdom 智慧, logic 逻辑, reason 理性, belief 信念, opinion 观点
- 品质与特性:beauty 美, courage 勇气, honesty 诚实, patience 耐心, loyalty 忠诚, justice 正义, freedom 自由, equality 平等, confidence 自信, kindness 善良, generosity 慷慨, ambition 雄心
- 状态与现象:time 时间, space 空间, energy 能量, power 力量, change 变化, progress 进步, development 发展, success 成功, habit 习惯, challenge 挑战, achievement 成就, experience 经历/经验
- 社会与关系:culture 文化, society 社会, communication 沟通, friendship 友谊, trust 信任, respect 尊重, responsibility 责任, cooperation 合作, rule 规则, right 权利, duty 义务
- 数量与程度:amount 数量, degree 程度, level 水平, part 部分, whole 整体, majority 大多数, minority 少数, percentage 百分比
- 逻辑关系:consequence后果、motive动机、incentive激励
学科词汇
- 天气:hurricane 飓风, frost 霜, fog 雾, storm 暴风雨, thunder 雷, lightning 闪电, rainbow 彩虹, typhoon 台风, breeze 微风, temperature 温度, climate 气候
- 经济:#### 1. 基础概念与指标 - economy(经济) - market(市场) - supply(供应) - demand(需求) - price(价格) - value(价值) - GDP(国内生产总值) - inflation(通货膨胀) - recession(衰退) - growth(增长) #### 2. 货币与金融 - currency(货币) - cash(现金) - capital(资本) - investment(投资) - stock(股票) - bond(债券) - interest rate(利率) - loan(贷款) - debt(债务) - budget(预算) #### 3. 商业与贸易 - business(企业) - company(公司) - trade(贸易) - export(出口) - import(进口) - profit(利润) - loss(亏损) - revenue(收入) - cost(成本) - competition(竞争) #### 4. 政策与机构 - policy(政策) - tax(税) - subsidy(补贴) - regulation(监管) - central bank(中央银行) - WTO(世界贸易组织) - IMF(国际货币基金组织) #### 5. 劳动力与就业 - labor(劳动力) - employment(就业) - unemployment(失业) - salary(薪水) - wage(工资) - productivity(生产力) - skill(技能) #### 6. 资产与财富 - asset(资产) - property(财产) - wealth(财富) - income(收入) - savings(储蓄) - estate(房地产/遗产)
- 医疗与健康:symptom 症状, vaccine 疫苗, fever 发烧, cough 咳嗽, cold 感冒, headache 头痛, stomachache 胃痛, toothache 牙痛, medicine 药, pill 药片, patient 病人, wound 伤口
- 法律与政治:law 法律,treaty 条约 、legislation 立法 、jury 陪审团
动词
注意,这个文档是不用来分类,使用来针对话题提供一些可以用的单词。这里话题不用太碎。
只包括最常用的高频单词,作为日常来说足够了。复杂词汇可以在基础词汇上替换。
身体动作
- 看: see 看见, look 看, watch 观看, stare 凝视, glance 瞥见, glare 怒视, notice 注意到, observe 观察, visit 参观, recognize 认出, read 阅读, witness 目睹
- 五感: hear 听见, listen 听。 smell 闻, taste 品尝,
- 说:say 说、talk 交谈、speak 说话、tell 告诉、ask 问、answer 回答
- 表达/交流类:explain 解释、discuss 讨论、describe 描述、mention 提到、express 表达、state 陈述
- 情感/态度类:praise 赞扬、thank 感谢、complain 抱怨、criticize 批评、blame 责备、apologize 道歉、promise 承诺
- 社交互动类:chat 聊天、call 呼叫、greet 问候、introduce 介绍、invite 邀请、welcome 欢迎,
congratulate祝贺, - 不同方式的说:shout 喊叫、whisper 低语、laugh 笑、cry 哭、sing 唱歌、repeat 重复、murmur 低语、stutter 结巴
- 不同目的的说:suggest 建议、persuade 说服、interrupt 打断、inform 通知、announce 宣布、declare 宣布、report 报告、confirm 确认、translate 翻译、order 命令、request 请求、warn 警告、remind 提醒、argue 争论、debate 辩论、negotiate 谈判
- 嘴的动作:eat, drink, bite, suck 吸, lick 舔, swallow 吞咽, blow 吹, whistle 吹口哨, yawn 打哈欠, sneeze 打喷嚏
- 手: put 放, take 拿, catch 抓住, throw 扔, hold 握住, give 给, get 得到, receive 收到, offer 提供, send 发送, accept 接受, hold 持有, carry 携带, push 推, pull 拉, lift 举起, raise 举起, drop 掉落, write 写, make 制作, build 建造, clean 清洁, cook 烹饪, open 打开, close 关闭, keep 保持, pick 挑选, hit 击打, wash 清洗, touch 触摸, open, close, wear, put on, put off,
press按压,squeeze挤压,tap轻敲,point指向,cut切,tear撕,fold折叠,draw画, twist, wipe 擦, polish 擦亮, repair 修理, mend 修补, sew 缝纫, tie 系, untie 解开, pack 打包, unpack 打开行李 - 脚/移动: go 去, come 来, return 返回, arrive 到达, leave 离开, walk 走, run 跑, jump 跳, crawl 爬, climb 爬, swim 游泳, fly 飞, drive 驾驶, ride 骑, kick 踢, follow, stay, wait, march 行军, wander 闲逛, slip 滑倒, trip 绊倒, escape 逃跑, chase 追逐, rush 冲, pace 踱步, cross 穿过
- 身体:sit 坐, stand 站, lie 躺,bend弯腰, stretch伸展, nod点头, shake摇头
大脑活动
- 思考 think、consider、decide、plan、imagine、,expect,
realize意识到,guess猜测,believe相信 - 感知 feel、 、know、understand, remember、forget,recognize,
- 意愿 want、need、hope、wish、desire, require,
intend打算,choose选择,decide决定, - 喜欢 like、love、hate、prefer、enjoy, love, hate, agree, love, enjoy, adore, admire 钦佩, appreciate 感激/欣赏, envy 嫉妒
- 同意: agree, admit, deny, refuse拒绝、accept接受、allow允许、forbid禁止。
approve赞成,trust信任,doubt怀疑
状态变化
- 状态 be、have、exist、seem、appear、remain
- 有:
have(有),own(拥有),possess(拥有),belong(属于) - 变化 become、change、grow、improve、reduce、increase、develop,build,go up,
become(变成),change(改变),grow(生长/增长),improve(改进),develop(发展), - 开始/结束:start, begin, stop, finish, end, pause, put off, continue, go on, appear 出现, quit退出、complete完成。
- 位置变化:rise, fall
- 物理变化:turn变成、transform转变、expand扩张、shrink收缩、melt融化、freeze冻结, mix 混合, evaporate 蒸发, condense 冷凝, dissolve 溶解
- 化学变化:-
日常活动
- 生活 eat、drink、sleep、cook、clean、wash, wake up, get up, bathe 洗澡, shave 刮胡子, comb 梳头
- 休闲 play、watch、read、listen、travel、relax、exercise 锻炼, dance 跳舞, camp 露营, hike 远足, surf 冲浪
- 工作 work、manage、organize、create、build、repair, hire 雇佣、fire 解雇、apply 申请、interview 面试、earn 赚取, retire 退休, resign 辞职, promote 晋升
- 学习 learn、study、teach、practice、understand、memorize, review 复习, volunteer 志愿
- 钱:buy, sell, pay, owe, spend, invest, donate, pay back, lend, borrow, be worth, cost, exchange, withdraw, afford
- 时间 spend time, it takes time to do,
- 人生 live, die
- 活动 win, lose, join,compete 竞争、celebrate 庆祝、invite 邀请。
- 衣服 wear, put on, take off,
- 社交:meet 遇见、marry 结婚、divorce 离婚、introduce 介绍、help 帮助、trust 信任, accompany 陪伴, contact 联系
- 天气:
抽象逻辑
- 逻辑 prove、solve、analyze、compare、define,
calculate(计算)、estimate(估计)、predict(预测)、classify(分类)。 - 关系 mean、represent、include、contain、involve,consist of由…组成、depend on取决于、lead to导致、result in导致。
负面冲突
- 冲突 fight、argue、attack、defend、blame
- 负面动作 steal、lie、cheat、
- 伤害 hurt, break, harm, damage, injure, break、destroy
其他
- 助动词: do, have(用于完成时),
- 情态动词:can 能、可以,could 能、可以,may 可以、可能,might 可能,must 必须、一定,shall 将要,should 应该、应当,will/would 将要,need 需要,dare 敢,ought to 应该(按道理) be supposed to 应该(按计划),
- 词组(也放到上面去) look forward to, give up, take care of, get along with, put up with
身体动作
- 头部/面部动作:nod点头, shake, smile微笑, laugh笑, cry哭, blink
- 手部动作:give给, take拿, put放, get得到, hold, grab, push, pull, lift, throw, catch
- 移动:walk, run, jump, climb, swim, fly, crawl
- 其他:sit, stand, kneel, bend, stretch
- 语言:speak, talk, say, tell, ask, answer
- 感知:listen, hear, read, write
- 社交:meet, greet, help, thank, apologize
日常活动
- 起床/睡眠:wake up, get up, sleep, go to bed, lie down
- 洗漱/穿戴:wash, brush, dress, put on, take off
- 饮食:eat, drink, cook, taste, chew
- 清洁:clean, sweep, wash, wipe, mop
- 整理:organize, arrange, fold, tidy up
- 工作:work, do, finish, start, stop, try
- 学习:study, learn, teach, practice, research
- 创造:make, create, build, draw, paint
情感与心理
- 思考:think, believe, remember, forget, understand
- 情感表达:love, hate, like, dislike, fear, surprise, admire 钦佩, forgive 原谅, envy 嫉妒
- 感受:feel, hope, wish, regret, miss
- 情绪影响:comfort 安慰, encourage 鼓励, inspire 鼓舞, frighten 使害怕, annoy 使烦恼, satisfy 使满意, disappoint 使失望
自然与环境 ,描述自然现象或环境变化的动词:
- 天气:rain, snow, wind, shine
- 生长:grow, bloom, die, live
- 物理:burn, melt, freeze, flow
- 运动:
抽象动作,表示状态变化或抽象概念的动词:
- 开始/结束:begin, start, end, finish, stop,
- 变化:change, become, turn, stay, remain
- 拥有/失去:have, own, get, lose, give
其他
- 助动词 do, have(用于完成时),
- 情态动词:can 能、可以,could 能、可以,may 可以、可能,might 可能,must 必须、一定,shall 将要、应该,should 应该、应当,will 将要、会,would 会、愿意,need 需要,dare 敢,ought to 应该(按道理) be supposed to 应该(按计划),
形容词
- 感受 happy, excited, proud, grateful, relaxed, hopeful, sad, angry, anxious, scared, lonely, disappointed, confused, surprised, embarrassed, jealous, guilty, curious, bored, tired, calm, ecstatic, devastated, frustrated, content
- 颜色:
- 大小 big, small, large,
- it’s complicated. It’s complex.
- 评价 good, bad, important
-
specific,current, next, following, previous, last, recent, new, latest,
- 描述人的特征
- 外貌:tall 高的, short 矮的, fat 胖的, thin 瘦的, beautiful 美丽的, ugly 丑陋的, young 年轻的, old 年老的, handsome 英俊的,tall 高的, slender 苗条的, young 年轻的
- 性格:kind 善良的, friendly 友好的, shy 害羞的, brave 勇敢的, lazy 懒惰的, hardworking 勤奋的, honest 诚实的, reliable 可靠的, aggressive 有进取心的, cautious 谨慎的, optimistic 乐观的, humorous 幽默的, selfish 自私的, arrogant 傲慢的, pessimistic 悲观的, cynical 愤世嫉俗的, outgoing 外向的, sensitive 敏感的, ambitious 有野心的, polite 礼貌的, rude 粗鲁的, confident 自信的, humble 谦逊的, stubborn 固执的, flexible 灵活的, generous 慷慨的, modest 谦虚的, patient 有耐心的, independent 独立的, responsible 负责的, curious 好奇的
- 能力:honest 诚实的, smart 聪明的, stupid 愚蠢的, intelligent 聪明的, creative 有创造力的, competent 能干的, talented 有才华的, skillful 熟练的, efficient 高效的,competent, skilled, proficient
- 描述人的感受,可以区分强度
- 积极情绪:calm 冷静的, curious 好奇的, excited 兴奋的, happy 开心的, proud 骄傲的, relaxed 放松的, satisfied 满足的
- 消极情绪:afraid 害怕的, angry 生气的, worried 担心的, anxious 焦虑的, bored 无聊的, confused 困惑的, disappointed 失望的, embarrassed 尴尬的, frustrated 挫败的, jealous 嫉妒的, lonely 孤独的, nervous 紧张的, sad 难过的, scared 害怕的, tired 疲惫的,hungry,exhausted,energetic 精力充沛的,
- 中性感受:surprised 惊讶的,indifferent 漠不关心的
- 描述物体属性
- 颜色:red 红色的, blue 蓝色的, green 绿色的, yellow 黄色的, black 黑色的, white 白色的
- 形状:round 圆的, square 方的, long 长的, short 短的, big 大的, small 小的,hard 硬的, soft 软的,smooth 光滑的, rough 粗糙的,, wide 宽的, narrow 窄的
- 材料:, wooden 木制的, metal 金属的
- 状态:new 新的, old 旧的, clean 干净的, dirty 脏的, broken 破碎的, whole 完整的, expensive 昂贵的, cheap 便宜的, valuable 有价值的, convenient 方便的, comfortable 舒适的, peaceful 和平的/宁静的, dangerous 危险的, safe 安全的, ordinary 普通的, special 特别的, usual 通常的, necessary 必要的, available 可获得的
- 描述时间与空间
- 时间:early 早的, late 晚的, old 古老的, new 新的, recent 最近的, early, late, former, latter, daily, annual
- 位置:far 远的, near 近的, high 高的, low 低的, front, back, left, right, upper, central
- 哪一个:specific,current, next, following, previous, last, recent, new, latest,
- 描述数量与程度
- 数量:many 许多的, few 少的, much 大量的, little 少量的, some 一些, all 全部, enough 足够的, more 更多的, less 更少的
- 程度: perfect, excellent, slight, extreme, major
- 评价: good, bad, important, famous, ugly, difficult, excellent 优秀的, wonderful 精彩的, terrible 糟糕的, awful 极坏的, pleasant 愉快的, horrible 可怕的, proper 合适的, suitable 合适的, appropriate 恰当的, familiar 熟悉的, strange 陌生的
- 描述天气与环境
- 天气:sunny 晴朗的, rainy 下雨的, windy 有风的, snowy 下雪的, cloudy 多云的
- 环境:hot 热的, cold 冷的, warm 温暖的, cool 凉爽的, dry 干燥的, wet 潮湿的
- 形容词使用小贴士
- 修饰位置:通常放在名词前 如 a beautiful flower,或在系动词后作表语 如 The flower is beautiful。
- 比较级/最高级:单音节词加 -er/-est 如 tall → taller → tallest,多音节词前加 more/most 如 beautiful → more beautiful → most beautiful。
- 固定搭配:部分形容词与介词搭配 如 afraid of, good at。
- 通过分类记忆,能更清晰地掌握形容词的应用场景哦! 🌸
- 形容词顺序: 观点 → 尺寸 → 年龄 → 形状 → 颜色 → 来源 → 材料 → 用途 + 名词
形容词顺序:
- 观点 → 尺寸 → 年龄 → 形状 → 颜色 → 来源 → 材料 → 用途 + 名词
- Opinion → Size → Age → Shape → Color → Origin → Material → Purpose + 名词
- 例如 美 小 旧 圆 黄,法国 木 书房。
- a beautiful small old round brown Chinese wooden dining table.
类型:颜色 white, 大小, 材质, 时间 old, 国籍,
- 性质 / 特征 beautiful, tall, smart, smooth, hard, delicious The hard disk runs smoothly.
- 数量 some, many, few, several, all, each Few documents meet the requirements.
- 时间 early, late, former, latter, daily, annual We need to submit the annual report.
- 方位 / 位置 front, back, left, right, upper, central The central part of the design is critical.
- 程度 perfect, excellent, slight, extreme, major There is a slight difference between two versions.
- 人用形容词
- 外貌:handsome, slim, curly-haired The curly-haired girl is my classmate.
- 性格:honest, reliable, aggressive, cautious He is a reliable person you can trust.
- 能力:competent, skilled, proficient She is proficient in three foreign languages.
- 情绪:happy, tired, excited, busy, calm, hungry She felt excited about the project.
- 物用形容词
- 形态:round, rectangular, solid, liquid The round table takes up less space.
- 材质:wooden, metallic, plastic, waterproof This waterproof jacket is suitable for hiking.
- 功能:efficient, durable, multifunctional The multifunctional machine can print and scan.
- 抽象概念形容词
- 事件:complex, urgent, crucial, feasible This is a crucial decision for the company.
- 品质:authentic, transparent, legitimate We need to provide authentic evidence for the case.
顺序:
1 观点/评价 (Opinion): lovely, ugly, difficult
2 大小 (Size): huge, tiny, medium-sized
3 年龄/新旧 (Age): ancient, new, young
4 形状 (Shape): round, flat, rectangular
5 颜色 (Color): blue, pink, transparent
6 来源/国籍 (Origin): Chinese, solar, urban
7 材料 (Material): wooden, plastic, metallic
8 用途/类别 (Purpose): sleeping (bag), cooking (oil)
副词
- 时间副词: now, then, today, yesterday, tomorrow, soon, late, early, already, yet, still, just, recently, lately, before, ago, afterward, immediately, finally, previously, currently, shortly, tonight, soon
- 频率副词 never, always, often, sometimes, rarely, seldom, once a year,
- 短语(作为状语):at first, at last, at once, all day, one day, All of a sudden. once more,
- 程度副词: very, quite, so, too, extremely, really, fairly, rather, totally, completely, absolutely, highly, deeply, slightly, somewhat, pretty, incredibly, utterly, barely, nearly,,incredibly难以置信地
- 形容词/副词前面的程度副词:按照程度。
- 动词前面的程度副词:- almost 几乎 - nearly 差不多 - hardly 几乎不 - scarcely 几乎不 - barely 勉强 - really 真地 - totally 完全 - completely 完全 - absolutely 绝对 - quite 相当 - rather 相当 - fully 充分地
- 数量前 nearly,over,more than,at least
- 地点副词: here, there, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, anywhere, inside, outside, upstairs, downstairs, above, below, nearby, afar, abroad, indoors, outdoors, ahead, behind, forward, backward
- 方式副词: quickly, slowly, carefully, carelessly, happily, sadly, quietly, loudly, easily, hardly, bravely, calmly, roughly, smoothly, politely, rudely, neatly, messily, gently, violently, softly, harshly, eagerly, reluctantly, deliberately, accidentally
- 形容词 + -ly:- carefully 小心地 - quickly 迅速地 - quietly 安静地 - happily 快乐地 - easily 容易地 - slowly 缓慢地,
- 不规则变化:well 好地 (对应形容词
good) - fast 快地 (形副同形) - hard 努力地 (形副同形,注意:hardly意为“几乎不”) - late 晚地 (形副同形,注意:lately意为“最近”),- early 早地(形副同形),,
- 其他副词: also, only, even, perhaps, maybe, certainly, surely, definitely, probably, luckily, unfortunately, actually, basically, mostly, partly, altogether, otherwise, instead, anyway, however, therefore, thus, consequently, moreover, besides, meanwhile, either, neither, nor,
- 用在句首:,Basically,hopefully, honestly, In fact 实际上,
连接词(注意区分 informal 和 formal)
- 并列/补充:and, also, too, besides, in addition, furthermore, moreover
- 转折/对比:but, however, yet, while, although, though, on the other hand
- 因果:so, therefore, thus, because, since, as, due to, as a result
- 顺序:first, then, next, finally, meanwhile, later
- 举例:for example, for instance, such as, like,
- 总结:in conclusion, in short, all in all
- 条件/目的:if, unless, as long as, so that, in order to
- 常用句型结构:both…and…, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…, would rather…than…, prefer…to…, so…that…, such…that…
- 其他:in fact, basically, hopefully, honestly, anyway, by the way, according to
说明:含作为状语的短语。
介词
介词按功能分类。位置通常在句尾。
- 时间介词:at,in,on,for,by不迟于,since 2010,”after a while,” “during this semester” I was expecting him here at five forty-five. 频率 two hours a week,时长 for many years,for one semester.in 1989,twenty-six years after the crash,By this time
- 地点介词:,位置在句尾作状语,或者名词后:in,on,under,between,under the bed,in front of,He lives in Florida.
- 位置关系:in (the room) 在…内部,on (the table) 在…表面,at (the station) 在…点,under (the chair) 在…正下方,below zero 在…下方,over the roof 在…正上方/覆盖,above the clouds 在…上方,beside her mother 在…旁边,next to the supermarket 紧挨着,between the school and hospital 在…两者之间,among the crowd 在…三者及以上之间,in front of the house 在…前面/外部,in the front of the bus 在…前部/内部,behind the truck 在…后面,against the wall 靠着/紧贴着,near the park 在…附近,far from the office 离…很远,inside the building 在…内部,outside the door 在…外部
- 移动: across the street 穿过/表面,through the window 穿过/内部,along the river 沿着,around the lake 在…周围,beyond the hill 在…那边/超出,opposite the library 在…对面
- 方式介词:by通过,with使用工具,in 以…方式,by air,by boat,in this way
- 其他。原因/目的介词: for,because of,due to, according to,instead of,
- 名词后介词,地点,in,about关于,from,of
- 时间,方式,连接词,也可以句首。
其他词性
数词
- 基数词:one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty
- 序数词:first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth, sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth, twentieth
- 数量单位:hundred 百, thousand千
代词
- 人称代词:I, me, my, mine, you, your, yours, he, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its, we, us, our, ours, they, them, their, theirs
- 指示代词:this, that, these, those, such, same
- 疑问代词:who, whom, whose, what, which
- 不定代词:some, any, many, much, few, little, several, all, both, either, neither, each, every, nobody, nothing, anyone, anything, everyone, everything
冠词
- the, a, an,
- 不定冠词:a / an
- 定冠词:the
有一些形容词/代词也表示是哪一个
- 指示(这个、那个):this, that, these, those
- 数量 / 多少 / 每一:some, any, many, much, few, little, several, all, both, each, every, either, neither, enough, plenty of, most, no,
- 所属 / 谁的:my, your, his, her, its, our, their, my own, your own
- 其他 / 另一个:other, another, the other, others, extra, additional, more,alternate ,
- 顺序 / 第几:first, second, third, last, next, previous, following
- 时间 / 状态:current, present, former, latter, original, initial, past, future
- 相同 / 不同:same, different, similar, various,
- 主要 / 唯一:main, only, single, sole, key, primary, major,
- 某个 / 某些:certain, particular, specific,
- corresponding
同义词/替换词
按照词性,可以随后整理到上面。
连词
后面是句子
- 并列句 and, but, so
- 时间连词 when当…时, after, before, while, until, as soon as,
- 原因连词 because因为, as, for, since,
- 条件连词 if如果, as long as,
- 结果/目的连词 so that
- so … that
连接词
- 并列递进:and,also,too,besides,what’s more,in addition,furthermore,not only…but also
- 转折对比:but,however,yet,while,although,though,on the contrary,instead,otherwise
- 因果关系:because,since,as,for,so,thus,therefore,as a result,due to,thanks to
- 时间顺序:first,second,then,next,finally,before,after,when,while,in the end
- 举例说明:for example,for instance,such as,like
- 总结归纳:in short,in a word,all in all,in conclusion,in general
- 选择关系:or,either…or,neither…nor
- 条件关系:if,unless,as long as,once
附录
总结(各列举几个单词)
名词
- 人 people, man, woman, boy, girl, person,
- 物品 thing, object, tool, food, drink,
- 衣服: clothes, hat, jeans, dress 连衣裙,
- 动物: animal, cat猫, dog狗, fish鱼,
- 食品: food, meat肉, fish鱼肉,
- 饮料: water水, juice, milk, coffee咖啡, soda汽水, wine, beer啤酒,
- 餐具: dish, fork叉子,
- 学习: book书, magazine杂志, pen, pencil,
- 家具: bed床, table桌子, chair椅子, desk书桌, sofa沙发
- 电器: TV电视, fridge冰箱, computer电脑, fan风扇, phone电话
- 工具: hammer锤子, screwdriver螺丝刀, knife刀, key钥匙, lock锁
- 时间: time时间, date日期, year年, month月, day天, hour 时, minute 分, second 秒
- 事情 thing
- 娱乐 music, dance, song,
动词
- 身体动作 give
- 思维 think
参考资料
2026年2月18日,19:04:39
文档最初创建于 2025年12月7日,之后有补充和调整。
参考资料
- 《朗文多功能分类词典》
- 《全新大学英语1-4级词汇分类图解 – 黎小说主编》
- 《大学英语考试6000单词分类归纳记忆 – 吴铭方主编》
2026年2月19日,23:50:48
TODO: 整理一下格式,不要调整换行。
2025-12-07-英语笔记
2026年2月18日,19:32:06
这些词性的单词相对比较固定。
单词的用法从一些简单的单词来扩展,而不是记一个宽泛的原则。
新增
一、和眼睛(eye/sight)相关英语动词
看、注视类 1. look 看(强调动作,不及物,常+at) 2. see 看见(强调结果) 3. watch 观看(动态画面:电视、比赛) 4. stare 盯着、凝视 5. glance 瞥一眼、扫视 6. glimpse 瞥见、匆匆看见 7. gaze 长久凝望、注视 8. peek 偷看、窥视 9. peep 偷窥、眯眼细看 10. scan 快速浏览、扫视全文 11. skim 略读、跳着看 12. spot 一眼发现、认出 13. sight 看见(正式)
眼部动作(眨眼、眯眼等) 14. blink 眨眼 15. wink 眨单眼、使眼色 16. squint 眯起眼睛、斜视 17. frown 皱眉(眉眼联动) 18. ogle 色眯眯盯着
二、和手(hand)相关英语动词
抓取、握持 1. hold 握住、拿着 2. grasp 紧抓、攥住;理解 3. grip 紧握、牢牢抓住 4. clutch 死死抱住、紧抓不放 5. seize 一把抓住、夺取 6. snatch 抢夺、一把夺走 7. catch 接住
触碰、抚摸 8. touch 触摸 9. pat 轻拍(手掌) 10. tap 轻叩、轻敲 11. stroke 轻抚、摩挲 12. caress 温柔抚摸 13. rub 揉搓
手部操作、递拿 14. pass 传递 15. hand 亲手递给 16. lift 抬手举起 17. carry 手拿搬运 18. push 用手推 19. pull 用手拉 20. drag 拖拽 21. fold 折叠(手) 22. unfold 展开 23. clap 拍手 24. wave 挥手 25. shake 握手、摇晃 26. scratch 抓挠 27. pinch 捏、掐 28. squeeze 挤压、攥紧 29. poke 戳、捅 30. knock 敲门(手)
补充常用搭配例句(极简)
眼动词 - Look at me. 看着我。 - I saw a bird. 我看见了一只鸟。 - Watch a movie 看电影。
手动词 - Hold the pen 握笔 - Shake hands 握手 - Clap your hands 拍手
高频英语词汇替换表(按词性分类,写作/口语提分专用)
适用场景:四六级、考研、雅思、托福作文,避免基础词重复堆砌
一、动词(Verb)
-
表示「认为、觉得」 - think(普通) hold / argue / claim / maintain / reckon / deem / assume
-
表示「说、陈述」- say(普通)state / point out / mention / remark / address / express
-
表示「增加、提升」 - increase(普通) rise / grow / enhance / boost / elevate / expand
-
表示「减少、下降」 - decrease(普通) decline / drop / reduce / cut down / diminish
-
表示「解决」 - solve(普通) resolve / tackle / cope with / deal with / address
-
表示「导致、引起」 - cause(普通) lead to / result in / trigger / give rise to / contribute to
-
表示「认为…重要」 - important(adj)配套动词:attach importance to / emphasize / stress
-
表示「支持」 - support(普通) back / advocate / favor / stand by
-
表示「反对」 - oppose(普通) object to / be against / resist
-
表示「花费(时间/金钱)」 - spend devote / invest
-
表示「获得、得到」 - get obtain / acquire / gain / attain
-
表示「改善」 - improve promote / upgrade / refine
二、形容词(Adjective)
-
重要的 - important, vital / crucial / significant / essential / indispensable
-
很多的 - many / much, numerous / a host of / abundant / considerable / ample
-
不同的 - different, diverse / various / distinct
-
普遍的、常见的, - common widespread / prevalent / universal
-
困难的 - difficult, tough / challenging / arduous
-
有益的、好的 - good, beneficial / rewarding / favorable / advantageous
-
有害的、坏的 - bad, harmful / detrimental / adverse / undesirable
-
巨大的 - big / large, enormous / massive / tremendous / substantial
-
明显的 - obvious, apparent / evident / distinct / noticeable
-
流行的 - popular, fashionable / prevailing
-
足够的 - enough, sufficient / adequate
-
难忘的 - unforgettable, memorable
三、副词(Adverb)
-
非常、很 - very, extremely / remarkably / exceedingly / highly / vastly
-
然而、但是 - but(连词), however / nevertheless / nonetheless
-
因此、所以, - so, therefore / thus / consequently / accordingly / hence
-
可能地 - maybe / perhaps, probably / potentially / presumably
-
越来越 - more and more, increasingly
-
事实上
- actually,
in fact / virtually / practically
- 尤其
- especially,
particularly / notably
- 仅仅
- only,
merely / barely / solely
四、名词(Noun)
- 优点
- advantage
merit / strength / positive side / benefit
- 缺点
- disadvantage
drawback / defect / weakness / downside
- 问题
- problem
issue / matter / concern / dilemma
- 理由、原因
- reason
factor / cause / motivation
- 观点
- idea
viewpoint / perspective / opinion / notion
- 影响
- effect
influence / impact / consequence
- 机会
- chance
opportunity
- 方法
- way
method / approach / means / solution
- 年轻人
- young people
youngsters / youth / adolescents
- 人们
- people
individuals / citizens / the public
五、连词&短语(过渡替换,作文逻辑加分)
递进(而且)
- and
furthermore / moreover / besides / in addition
转折(但是)
- but
on the other hand / in contrast / conversely
举例(例如)
- for example
for instance / such as / take…for example
总结(总之) - in a word, in conclusion / to sum up / overall / all in all
使用小贴士
1. 高级替换词不用每句都换,一篇作文同一基础词替换1–2次即可,过度堆砌会生硬;
2. 动词短语(contribute to、cope with)比单个高级单词在写作里得分更高;
3. 口语优先短替换词(reckon、boost),书面作文优先长正式词汇(indispensable、consequently)。
下面专门整理高频短语动词(phrasal verb) 同义替换,分写作/书面正式单个动词替换、同义短语两组,按常用语义分类,适配四六级、考研、雅思写作升级句式。
一、表「处理;应对」
1. deal with
正式单个动词:tackle / resolve / address / handle
同义短语:cope with / attend to
二、表「想出;提出」
1. come up with
正式单个动词:propose / raise / devise
同义短语:put forward / figure out
三、表「放弃」
1. give up
正式单个动词:abandon / desert / quit
同义短语:drop out of
四、表「建立;设立」
1. set up
正式单个动词:establish / found / construct
同义短语:build up
五、表「提高;增强」
1. build up
2. pick up(技能、信心)
正式单个动词:enhance / boost / elevate / promote
同义短语:step up
六、表「推迟」
1. put off
正式单个动词:postpone / delay / suspend
同义短语:hold off
七、表「删除;去掉」
1. cut out / get rid of
正式单个动词:eliminate / remove / exclude
同义短语:wipe out
八、表「依赖;依靠」
1. depend on / rely on
正式单个动词:count on
书面替换:be reliant on / lean on
九、表「出现;露面」
1. show up / turn up
正式单个动词:emerge / appear
同义短语:come into view
十、表「查找;查阅」
1. look up
正式单个动词:consult(词典、资料)
同义短语:refer to
十一、表「遵守;遵循」
1. stick to
正式单个动词:obey / observe / follow
同义短语:abide by / comply with
十二、表「忍受」
1. put up with
正式单个动词:tolerate / endure / bear
同义短语:stand for
十三、表「耗尽;用光」
1. use up / run out of
正式单个动词:exhaust / consume
同义短语:deplete
十四、表「接管;接手」
1. take over
正式单个动词:assume
同义短语:take charge of
十五、表「回顾;回忆」
1. look back on
正式单个动词:recall / recollect
同义短语:reflect on
十六、表「忽视;不理会」
1. ignore / pass over
正式单个动词:neglect / overlook / disregard
十七、表「参与」
1. take part in
正式单个动词:participate in / engage in
同义短语:get involved in
十八、表「导致」
1. lead to / bring about
正式单个动词:trigger / cause
同义短语:give rise to / result in
十九、表「经历」
1. go through
正式单个动词:experience / undergo
二十、表「重视」
1. pay attention to
正式替换:attach importance to / emphasize / stress
使用规则
1. 口语、日常交流多用短语动词,地道自然;
2. 英语作文、学术写作尽量替换成单个正式动词,减少短句堆砌,提升句式档次;
3. 部分短语动词有多层含义(pick up 捡东西/学技能/提速),替换时要匹配具体语境。
需要我把这份短语动词+替换词做成一页背诵对照表吗?